In-circuit test (ICT) systems have been the leaders in using electrical means to look for structural defects in PCBs. They employ bed-of-nails fixtures to provide electrical access to as many as 7000 ...

Test engineers have a variety of options for testing printed-circuit boards—ranging from in-circuit testers to the latest in embedded-instrument technology. Despite the decline of PCB physical access ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

Once you’ve mastered this skill, you’ll find that it unlocks further interest and additional opportunities to explore electronic repairs ranging from simple to complex. How do electrical engineers ...

Printed circuit board testing has been around as long as printed circuit boards, also known as printed circuit assemblies and printed wiring boards. PCB technology started in the early 20th century ...