It’s impossible to balance line-to-line voltages perfectly in three-phase circuits, so they typically differ by a few volts or more. However, if voltage unbalance exceeds 1%, it can markedly decrease ...

The first installment of this two-part series focused on debugging brushed-DC motor systems. Now the second installment will share some tips for stepper motor systems and provide general bench testing ...

In the original version of this article, the second figure contained an error. The image has been updated. It’s important for engineers to have a good, working ...