The field of applications and instrumentation that utilize laser sources is quickly advancing. For example, confocal and multiphoton microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and flow cytometry all make use of ...

A laser line filter is a precision optical filter with an extremely narrow passband centered on a standard laser wavelength. These optical filters are used to prevent the distortion of measurement ...

For many centuries, the principle of triangulation - that is the geometric measurement using three-point relationships - has been relatively well known. In Europe, the land survey method established ...