The formation of ice from supercooled water is a process that underpins natural phenomena ranging from cloud formation and climate regulation to technological applications such as cryopreservation.

For years, researchers have provided contradictory evidence about the “premelting film” of ice, its thickness and whether it ...

When ultraviolet light hits ice—whether in Earth's polar regions or on distant planets—it triggers a cascade of chemical reactions that have puzzled scientists for decades. Now, researchers at the ...