There was a time when you pretty much had to be an assembly language programmer to work with embedded systems. Yes, there have always been high-level languages available, but it took improvements in ...

We've seen in the previous articles how Ada can be used to describe high-level semantics and architecture. The beauty of the language, however, is that it can be used all the way down to the lowest ...

Once we’ve built a computer, the next step is to develop an assembly language and then an assembler that can assemble our programs. In my previous column, we introduced the concept of the big-endian ...